Hello, everyone!
This is the return of a timeline I've been working on for a friend who is a huge fan of the Civil War. It was originally a lot more bare than this, but thanks to everyone's help it's gotten much better and more realistic. Any comments and pointers from you guys on the quality of timeline and how it should be developed, along with any needed corrections, would be very much appreciated again! Thanks in advance!
1861-Abraham Lincoln does not use guards on the way to his inauguration, and is assassinated in Baltimore. Hannibal Hamlin becomes President. Lincoln never takes office.
Hamlin attempts to follow Lincoln’s hard line against secession, but ultimately it backfires. First, when Fort Sumter is blockaded, Hamlin orders an attack on the Fort, leading to the international appearance of the North instigating the war. Second, Hamlin botches the Trent Affair, which leads to the British and French recognizing the Confederacy and entering on its side.
The War of Secession is ultimately very short. Lee defeats McClellan multiple times, and the British attack Boston, New York, and Baltimore from the sea. Eventually, the U.S. government must flee the capital and the government relocates in Philadelphia. Philadelphia remains the U.S. capital after the war. The French battle the U.S. navy in the Caribbean, and on the premise of assisting the C.S.A., France sends more troops to the Empire of Mexico.
Hamlin does however, successfully push through the 13th Amendment and all slaves are freed. However, the only slave states under U.S. control are Maryland and Delaware, so the effect is minimal.
1862-The U.S. surrenders and recognizes the Confederacy. While Confederate President Davis only wishes for the war to end, he is advised to damage the U.S. as much as possible while he has the chance. The final terms are:
Before entering the war, France had Confederate President Davis promise to support the French Intervention in Mexico, after the war ends Davis sends troops to Mexico.
1864-Seward becomes the next President of the United States, mainly through his anti-Confederate, French and British rhetoric. He does scare the British enough to prevent them from becoming overly bold in America.
1865-Maximilian I consolidates power over the Empire of Mexico. As a result, Maximilian I cedes Northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua) to the C.S.A.: becoming eventually the states of Sonora and El Norte. France and Austria grow closer diplomatically.
1866-France joins Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. Prussia was expected to lose regardless and most nations had diplomatic commitments that prevented them from entering the war. The 14th and 15th Amendments are passed in the U.S. at this time.
1867- France and Austria defeat Prussia and Italy in the Austro-Prussian War. Italy fails to gain Venetia. The German Confederation is not dissolved, thus Liechtenstein does not become a country. France successfully purchases Luxembourg. In America, U.S. President Seward loses favor after purchasing Alaska. Austria receives some of Silesia.
*U.S. state names (gradual) Dakota instead of North and South Dakota, Platte instead of Wyoming, Sioux instead of Idaho, the other states remain the same.
1868-With Missouri in Confederate hands, movement out west became much more contested. While Nebraska quickly chose to side with the Union, other regions began to question which nation would be better to join. Illinois grew as a result of the Northern desire to move west while St. Louis and Kansas City in Missouri remained major areas of travel, now for the Confederacy. In order to encourage their influence, the Confederacy’s population requirements were made to be much lower than the United States’. To quietly counter this, the United States allowed Native American populations to also be counted; though many official counts were exaggerated to encourage statehood earlier (this is called the Native Population Act). The Confederate-held Indian Territory was admitted as the state of Sequoyah this year. The Native Americans in Sequoyah were given greater autonomy, and did not mind remaining part of the C.S.A.
1870-Inspired by the success of the Empire of Mexico, France campaigns against Korea again, this time it is victorious. Korea confirms French interests in the region. Japan modernizes even more rapidly. In Spain, Juan Prim is not assassinated (he is not in the same location). France does not assist Austria-Hungary in the Second Austro-Prussian War, which leads to a Prussian/Italian victory. Italy gains Venetia. Prussia gains Austrian-held parts of Silesia.
1871- Amadeus I is chosen to take the Spanish throne.
1872-Japan annexes the Ryukyu Islands.
1873-The Lower California Purchase Dispute: Maximilian, in exchange for money to maintain control over his empire, sells Baja California in secret to the U.S., but publicly to the C.S.-the result is a fiery dispute over the peninsula. Napoleon III also dies, and the Second French Republic takes over. Napoleon’s desire to expand French influence in East Asia continues with the Republic, but little else does. Rumors over Napoleon IV’s close relation with a male Confederate envoy leads to his eventual suicide.
1875-A Confederate “colony” is established in OTL Guinea to deport freed slaves in a manner similar to Sierra Leone and Liberia. It is named the Republic of Farana.
1876-Juan Prim dies. Amadeus I renounces his claim to the Spanish throne. Spain is declared a republic.
1878-First Spanish Republic collapses. Alfonso XII takes the throne. The Congress of Berlin takes place, with the same results. Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania become independent. Cyprus is given to Britain.
1880-1882- This marks the Race for Deseret. The Mormon Church eventually develops into two factions after the war-one pro-union and the other pro-Confederate, led by a man named Thomas Green. Green’s faction, while smaller, gained a great amount of attention on the continent, and Green eventually set out a series of demands for the new state of Deseret, known as Deseret’s Terms for Annexation. These Terms consisted of greater autonomy, along with a state constitution reflecting Mormon ideals, including polygamy. Whatever nation would accept their demands would have the right to annex the state. President Cleveland was unwilling to give the state any special privileges, under the Constitution religion was never supposed to mix with government. Confederate President Howard decided not to risk war unless Deseret openly declared its desire to join the Confederacy. When Deseret leans toward joining the Confederacy, U.S. President Cleveland authorizes the annexation of Deseret by the U.S. military (ignoring Deseret’s Terms for Annexation). Green then declares Deseret a Confederate state. The result sparks the Mormon War. Both France and Britain, though allied with the C.S.A., do not enter the war, wary of the other extending its influence. Britain also fears the liberation of Quebec. The U.S. navy destroys the C.S. navy, but the land battles drag on. Eventually, Green is killed in the fighting and his faction is broken. While the Mormons drop out of the war, the Confederacy hoped that Deseret would still side with them if they were victorious, and the war developed into a US-CS conflict alone. However, the Mormon War ends in a U.S. victory. The treaty results in:
1. The recognition of Deseret and Pacifica (Baja California) as U.S. states. The U.S. also retains the Colorado territory.
2. The C.S.A. cedes Missouri.
3. The freedom (nominal manumission) of all slaves. However, the C.S. follows the British example of pass laws in South Africa, limiting freedom.
While sporadically pro-Confederate Mormon movements did occur later, the Mormon population ended up with nearly all secessionists killed in the war (and most Mormons were already pro-Union). No serious secession movement gained real momentum again. The U.S. military, however, continued to have a strong presence in the region regardless. The capital of the C.S.A. is also moved to the more easily defended Montgomery, Alabama.
1881-Alexander II of Russia is not assassinated, as he is not in the same location. After his public release of the Duma, Russia begins a long progression towards a constitutional monarchy.
1882-1889-A massive number of blacks are shipped from the C.S.A. to the Republic of Farana, encouraged by both the private sector and the Confederate government through a number of means-offering property, money, or sometimes moved forcibly. Some in the U.S.A. also encouraged the return of blacks to Africa. The Confederates gave self-rule to Farana in 1889, and the nation followed a similar path to Liberia, in which a number of African-Americans and their descendants ruled the majority.
1883-Britain annexes the Kingdom of Hawai’i.
1884-1886 Japan stages a coup in Korea. The Sino-French War begins. The French and Japanese sign the Franco-Japanese Alliance. The Japanese conflict in Korea is expanded into the Sino-French War. China loses and is forced to cede Korea to Japan and Taiwan to France. French Indochina is established.
1885- The Empire of Mexico collapses, and Maximilian I is executed. Porfirio Díaz is elected President of the new Republic of Mexico. Alfonso XII of Spain dies. He is succeeded by Alfonso XIII.
1886-1895-The dominant Republican Party in the U.S. is split-resulting in Progressive Republicans (more liberal) and Traditionalist Republicans (more conservative). The idea of state’s rights leads to more regionalized parties in the C.S. Texas and the other western Confederate states are now slowly starting to become more irritated with the government’s continual focus on the Eastern states.
1888- Thailand is split between British Burma and French Indochina, rather than remaining an independent buffer state.
1890- Portugal ends the Anglo-Portuguese alliance with the Treaty of Windsor and refuses to leave its Pink Map. The Pink Map Standoff begins. Alexander II of Russia dies and is succeeded by Alexander III.
1893-The Japanese defeat the Spanish in the Hispano-Japanese War and gain the Philippines.
1894-Alexander III of Russia dies. He is succeeded by Nicholas II. Nicholas’s reign continues his grandfather’s legacy of a constitutional monarchy. This is reinforced after a visit to the House of Commons in Britain.
1896-The War of the Five Powers occurs, Prussia and Italy vs. France/Russia/Austria. France, Austria-Hungary and Russia win. France, in exchange for some land in northeastern Italy (Piedmont), does agree to leave Rome, resulting in near-complete Italian Unification. Russia and Austria take large portions of territory from Prussia. Prussia then forms the North German Confederation (including Liechtenstein). France and Russia form a loose alliance. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is completed.
1896-1906-This marks the beginning of the Confederate attempts to control the Caribbean to counter American influence on the continent. Most notably are the filibustering efforts in the Republic of Yucatan, Panama, Raizal, and the Greater Republic of Central America. The Greater Republic of Central America was invaded this year, and put under Confederate control. Among those killed in the fighting was Tomás Regalado.
1897- The Confederate Intervention in Yucatan also creates the Republic of Yucatan, and the Confederates begin a campaign of genocide against the rebelling Maya.
*Alaska will join the Union as Aleutia
1898-The Treaty of St. Petersburg between Russia and Japan (through France’s help) determined that Sakhalin would be ceded fully to Japan in exchange for complete Russian sovereignty over Manchuria. Japan is not particularly happy about this, but accepts it for the time being.
1899-1908-The Fashoda Incident erupts, in combination with border disputes with the French over Indochina and Burma, subtle indications of attempting to make Tibet and Xinjiang Russian Protectorates, and the Pink Map Standoff with Portugal, due to France supporting Portugal. The result is the Anglo-French War. Like the Napoleonic Wars of a century ago, this war spans multiple continents and has a great effect on the world.
The Anglo-French War was fought between:
France/Orange Free State/Austria-Hungary/Russia/Japan
and Britain/North German Confederation/Italy/China
Russia has a difficult time fighting Prussia, as various secessionist groups began to arise from within the country at the same time. Italy seizes Piedmont from France, resulting in Italian unification. Japan seizes the Jiaozhou Bay colony from the North German confederation and Hong Kong from Great Britain and invades British-held Malaya and Brunei. Russia fully invades Xinjiang and Tibet, but finds that fighting the British and the Chinese was more difficult than expected. Britain finds that fighting the Boers and French in Africa proves to be too much, unable to make any progress. The North German Confederation on the other hand defeats Austria-Hungary swiftly (Hungary, already desiring independence and angered by quick Prussian victories make Austria-Hungary collapse both internally and externally) and captures Alsace-Lorraine from France. Nicholas II dies in 1902 in a train crash; he is succeeded by Mikhail II. In 1904, the U.S., led by President Theodore Roosevelt is about to declare war on Britain over the borders of Alaska. The British quickly head to the bargaining table “to prevent Sam from joining Marianne”. The U.S. is given Western Canada (which eventually becomes the states of Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Yukon). Eventually, the European Powers agree to a Convention. The results are incredibly mixed:
Britain recognizes the Orange Free State as an independent nation and the French claim to Fashoda, as well as Portugal’s Pink Map.
France cedes French Guiana to Britain.
France cedes Alsace-Lorraine to the North German Confederation.
Russia cedes a great deal of Eastern Europe to the Confederation as well.
Austria-Hungary gives up many of its possessions, including Silesia.
France also must cede its Italian gains (Piedmont) from the War of the Five Powers to Italy, resulting in complete Italian Unification.
The North German Confederation cedes Jiaozhou to Japan.
China cedes Xinjiang to Russia.
Russia returns Tibet to China, to allow a line of neutral buffer states to continue between the British and Russians.
Libya is split between France and Great Britain.
Great Britain cedes Brunei to Japan, and Japan returns Malaya and Hong Kong.
The North German Confederation becomes the nation of Germany. Alsace-Lorraine greatly protests its German owner.
On the other hand, the defeat of Austria-Hungary leads to Hungary becoming independent after the war and the end of the union.
Russia also creates various buffer states (most notably Poland-Lithuania) after the war to shield itself from Prussian/German attacks. The reaction from the Russian populace is somewhat mixed, as the new buffer states are contradictory to the pan-Slavic ideals of Russia. This is counterbalanced by Russian prestige gained from taking Xinjiang. However, the nation’s government remains stable. Ultimately, Russia becomes a complete constitutional monarchy after Mikhail II takes the throne.
Another important reaction throughout Europe is a (brief) anti-imperial attitude. France, Britain, and Russia all fought in an incredibly costly war for remote regions. Nationalism, however, remains high-only it now focuses more inward (for a time).
Japan now controls Karafuto, Korea, the Philippines, and the Ryukyu Islands.
Like the Napoleonic Wars a century before them, the map of Europe has been redrawn.
1900-Bai Bureh defeats the African-American government of Farana in the Faranese Uprising and becomes the nation’s new leader.
1905-1907-The Confederate-American War
Obviously, another Confederate-American War was bound to happen. The Confederate control of Panama and therefore the (still incomplete) Panama Canal proved to be the flashpoint. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt leads the U.S. into a very successful war that succeeds in humiliating the C.S.A. Confederate President Woodrow Wilson resigns from the Presidency after signing the treaty that ends the war. Traditionalist Republican President Roosevelt also passes four amendments: income tax, direct election of senators, limits on child labor, and female suffrage (in order-16th, 17th, 18th, 19th).
The end results:
1. The state of Allegheny will be formed from Western Virginia and ceded to the United States.
2. The state of Sequoyah becomes an independent nation. The increasing amount of white settlers and an uncompromising white-supremacist government anger the Native Americans of the state. Before the war’s end, the state switched sides and aided the U.S. in exchange for independence after the war. The C.S.A. bitterly acknowledges its independence.
3. The Republic of Yucatan is given the option of returning to Mexico or remain independent-the Republic votes to remain independent, while against joining Mexico, the Republic is still fearful of any Confederate/United States influence. Raizal is also given the option, and chooses to return to Columbia.
4. The Greater Republic of Central America was also freed from Confederate control, and renames itself the United States of Central America.
5. Panama becomes an American protectorate.
1905-Texas Oil Boom begins. Separatism in Texas increases. Bai Bureh invades Sierra Leone successfully and Sierra Leone joins the Republic of Farana. The British were too weakened to hold much interest in the area, and the victory of the African nation received little attention.
1906-Manuel Estrada, without the support of the United Fruit Company, is overthrown in Guatemala. The Qing Dynasty in China falls and China becomes a republic.
1907-In order to please the western Confederate states, Texas is broken up into four states-Davis, Rio, Texas, and Alamo. Arizona along with El Norte are broken into two states: Arizona, El Norte, El Sur, and Apache. This was done in order to give the Western States more senators. The Eastern-Western division in the Confederacy becomes more serious. Blacks also begin to protest their status, but are harshly put down. The Rio Grande Incident occurs, Confederate troops seize the other side of the Rio Grande which was already de facto under Confederate control. The state of Belleza is created in the seized territory. Largely considered to “make up” for the Confederate losses of the American-Confederate War, the United States did not respond. Mexico, while outraged, could do nothing but accept the loss of territory.
1908-Guatemala joins the United States of Central America. Bai Bureh dies in the Republic of Farana.
1910-Costa Rica joins the United States of Central America. Yuan Shikai proclaims the Qing Dynasty restored with himself as Emperor in China.
1911- France and Britain, in order to prevent further German expansion, sign the Entente Cordiale. This shocks and angers Germany greatly. British-German relations had begun to spiral downward immediately after the Anglo-French War, given their newfound dominance of the continent. The state of Jefferson gains admission into the Union. Yuan Shikai is overthrown in China and the Warlord Era begins.
1912-Cuba successfully gains independence from Spain. Italy successfully invades and annexes Albania from the Ottoman Empire, starting a string of local rebellions in the Balkans.
1913-The state of New Mexico gains admission into the Union. In the C.S.A., D.C. Stephenson founds the New Phoenix Party in Louisiana.
1913-25-D.C. Stephenson’s xenophobic and evermore fanatical New Phoenix Party gains a substantial following within the C.S.A. Stephenson becomes Governor of Louisiana in 1924, and essentially controls the states of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. During the Prohibition Era, he took advantage of both the angry populace and the newly formed criminal organizations to increase his power.
1914-With Finland’s relation souring with Russia, Mikhail allows the nation to become independent. (The increased democracy in Russia prevented Russia from becoming as authoritarian, which allowed the nation to form. Even though Russia was more democratic, attempts to Russify Finland as well as Russian losses in the Anglo-French War alienated its populace enough to call for independence. International pressure also added to the situation.)
1915-The Balkan War takes place, with Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia earning their independence from the Ottoman Empire.
1916-1932 The Golden Twenties in America. Essentially unchallenged, the United States experienced a massive boom in contrast to (and in part because of) the C.S.A. Economic growth and industrialization skyrocketed with the stock market, and a thriving bootlegging industry devoid of organized crime created a massive and very successful industry that the C.S.A. could not regulate. However, without the growth of organized crime, the F.B.I. does not form.
1916-1935-The C.S.A. begins the Prohibition Period. All alcohol, whether sold, transported, or manufactured is banned within the nation. Ultimately, this “Moral Triump” causes great destruction to the nation, which Stephenson takes advantage of. The United States booms during this time, mainly from bootlegging into the C.S.A. Organized crime forms throughout the nation, often on racial lines, encouraging additional xenophobia within the C.S.A. Hatred of the “morally-bankrupt” U.S. reaches a fever pitch.
1917-The Panama Canal is completed. The C.S.A. invades Cuba after a naval incident. The Cuban-Confederate War is very short and Cuba becomes a Confederate protectorate. The Republic of Farana successfully “liberates” and annexes Liberia.
1918-The Åland Islands peacefully become an independent nation from Finland, mainly due to Finland itself becoming bloodlessly independent four years earlier. Portugal also becomes a republic, after various political maneuverings and lack of popular support forced Carlos I to step down.
1919-The Republic of Yucatan joins the United States of Central America. The Republic of Farana invades Portuguese Guinea and successfully annexes it into the country. The Portuguese were distracted with other uprisings across its Pink Map along with the political upheaval back in Portugal, and thus Portuguese Guinea had few soldiers and was unable to hold off the attack.
1920-Wang Jingwei and the GMD take control over China. The Second Republic of China is declared. Mikhail II of Russia dies and is succeeded by Cyril I. The C.S.A. forms the National Security and Intelligence Agency, an equivalent of OTL F.B.I.
1921-A military coup overthrows the monarchy in Spain. Alfonso XIII is executed. Spain becomes a military dictatorship. Cuba becomes a Confederate State.
This is the return of a timeline I've been working on for a friend who is a huge fan of the Civil War. It was originally a lot more bare than this, but thanks to everyone's help it's gotten much better and more realistic. Any comments and pointers from you guys on the quality of timeline and how it should be developed, along with any needed corrections, would be very much appreciated again! Thanks in advance!
1861-Abraham Lincoln does not use guards on the way to his inauguration, and is assassinated in Baltimore. Hannibal Hamlin becomes President. Lincoln never takes office.
Hamlin attempts to follow Lincoln’s hard line against secession, but ultimately it backfires. First, when Fort Sumter is blockaded, Hamlin orders an attack on the Fort, leading to the international appearance of the North instigating the war. Second, Hamlin botches the Trent Affair, which leads to the British and French recognizing the Confederacy and entering on its side.
The War of Secession is ultimately very short. Lee defeats McClellan multiple times, and the British attack Boston, New York, and Baltimore from the sea. Eventually, the U.S. government must flee the capital and the government relocates in Philadelphia. Philadelphia remains the U.S. capital after the war. The French battle the U.S. navy in the Caribbean, and on the premise of assisting the C.S.A., France sends more troops to the Empire of Mexico.
Hamlin does however, successfully push through the 13th Amendment and all slaves are freed. However, the only slave states under U.S. control are Maryland and Delaware, so the effect is minimal.
1862-The U.S. surrenders and recognizes the Confederacy. While Confederate President Davis only wishes for the war to end, he is advised to damage the U.S. as much as possible while he has the chance. The final terms are:
- The U.S. recognizes the entirety of the Confederacy, which includes Kentucky and Missouri. The U.S. also renounces its claims to West Virginia.
- The U.S. must cede both the Indian territory and New Mexico territories to the C.S.A. (The New Mexico Territory is not split by the U.S. as the government was fleeing at the time-the Confederate Territory of Arizona consists of both the lower halves of New Mexico and Arizona).
- Britain gains sovereignty over the Upper Half of Maine.
- France and Britain will both receive payments from the U.S.
Before entering the war, France had Confederate President Davis promise to support the French Intervention in Mexico, after the war ends Davis sends troops to Mexico.
1864-Seward becomes the next President of the United States, mainly through his anti-Confederate, French and British rhetoric. He does scare the British enough to prevent them from becoming overly bold in America.
1865-Maximilian I consolidates power over the Empire of Mexico. As a result, Maximilian I cedes Northwestern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua) to the C.S.A.: becoming eventually the states of Sonora and El Norte. France and Austria grow closer diplomatically.
1866-France joins Austria in the Austro-Prussian War. Prussia was expected to lose regardless and most nations had diplomatic commitments that prevented them from entering the war. The 14th and 15th Amendments are passed in the U.S. at this time.
1867- France and Austria defeat Prussia and Italy in the Austro-Prussian War. Italy fails to gain Venetia. The German Confederation is not dissolved, thus Liechtenstein does not become a country. France successfully purchases Luxembourg. In America, U.S. President Seward loses favor after purchasing Alaska. Austria receives some of Silesia.
*U.S. state names (gradual) Dakota instead of North and South Dakota, Platte instead of Wyoming, Sioux instead of Idaho, the other states remain the same.
1868-With Missouri in Confederate hands, movement out west became much more contested. While Nebraska quickly chose to side with the Union, other regions began to question which nation would be better to join. Illinois grew as a result of the Northern desire to move west while St. Louis and Kansas City in Missouri remained major areas of travel, now for the Confederacy. In order to encourage their influence, the Confederacy’s population requirements were made to be much lower than the United States’. To quietly counter this, the United States allowed Native American populations to also be counted; though many official counts were exaggerated to encourage statehood earlier (this is called the Native Population Act). The Confederate-held Indian Territory was admitted as the state of Sequoyah this year. The Native Americans in Sequoyah were given greater autonomy, and did not mind remaining part of the C.S.A.
1870-Inspired by the success of the Empire of Mexico, France campaigns against Korea again, this time it is victorious. Korea confirms French interests in the region. Japan modernizes even more rapidly. In Spain, Juan Prim is not assassinated (he is not in the same location). France does not assist Austria-Hungary in the Second Austro-Prussian War, which leads to a Prussian/Italian victory. Italy gains Venetia. Prussia gains Austrian-held parts of Silesia.
1871- Amadeus I is chosen to take the Spanish throne.
1872-Japan annexes the Ryukyu Islands.
1873-The Lower California Purchase Dispute: Maximilian, in exchange for money to maintain control over his empire, sells Baja California in secret to the U.S., but publicly to the C.S.-the result is a fiery dispute over the peninsula. Napoleon III also dies, and the Second French Republic takes over. Napoleon’s desire to expand French influence in East Asia continues with the Republic, but little else does. Rumors over Napoleon IV’s close relation with a male Confederate envoy leads to his eventual suicide.
1875-A Confederate “colony” is established in OTL Guinea to deport freed slaves in a manner similar to Sierra Leone and Liberia. It is named the Republic of Farana.
1876-Juan Prim dies. Amadeus I renounces his claim to the Spanish throne. Spain is declared a republic.
1878-First Spanish Republic collapses. Alfonso XII takes the throne. The Congress of Berlin takes place, with the same results. Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania become independent. Cyprus is given to Britain.
1880-1882- This marks the Race for Deseret. The Mormon Church eventually develops into two factions after the war-one pro-union and the other pro-Confederate, led by a man named Thomas Green. Green’s faction, while smaller, gained a great amount of attention on the continent, and Green eventually set out a series of demands for the new state of Deseret, known as Deseret’s Terms for Annexation. These Terms consisted of greater autonomy, along with a state constitution reflecting Mormon ideals, including polygamy. Whatever nation would accept their demands would have the right to annex the state. President Cleveland was unwilling to give the state any special privileges, under the Constitution religion was never supposed to mix with government. Confederate President Howard decided not to risk war unless Deseret openly declared its desire to join the Confederacy. When Deseret leans toward joining the Confederacy, U.S. President Cleveland authorizes the annexation of Deseret by the U.S. military (ignoring Deseret’s Terms for Annexation). Green then declares Deseret a Confederate state. The result sparks the Mormon War. Both France and Britain, though allied with the C.S.A., do not enter the war, wary of the other extending its influence. Britain also fears the liberation of Quebec. The U.S. navy destroys the C.S. navy, but the land battles drag on. Eventually, Green is killed in the fighting and his faction is broken. While the Mormons drop out of the war, the Confederacy hoped that Deseret would still side with them if they were victorious, and the war developed into a US-CS conflict alone. However, the Mormon War ends in a U.S. victory. The treaty results in:
1. The recognition of Deseret and Pacifica (Baja California) as U.S. states. The U.S. also retains the Colorado territory.
2. The C.S.A. cedes Missouri.
3. The freedom (nominal manumission) of all slaves. However, the C.S. follows the British example of pass laws in South Africa, limiting freedom.
While sporadically pro-Confederate Mormon movements did occur later, the Mormon population ended up with nearly all secessionists killed in the war (and most Mormons were already pro-Union). No serious secession movement gained real momentum again. The U.S. military, however, continued to have a strong presence in the region regardless. The capital of the C.S.A. is also moved to the more easily defended Montgomery, Alabama.
1881-Alexander II of Russia is not assassinated, as he is not in the same location. After his public release of the Duma, Russia begins a long progression towards a constitutional monarchy.
1882-1889-A massive number of blacks are shipped from the C.S.A. to the Republic of Farana, encouraged by both the private sector and the Confederate government through a number of means-offering property, money, or sometimes moved forcibly. Some in the U.S.A. also encouraged the return of blacks to Africa. The Confederates gave self-rule to Farana in 1889, and the nation followed a similar path to Liberia, in which a number of African-Americans and their descendants ruled the majority.
1883-Britain annexes the Kingdom of Hawai’i.
1884-1886 Japan stages a coup in Korea. The Sino-French War begins. The French and Japanese sign the Franco-Japanese Alliance. The Japanese conflict in Korea is expanded into the Sino-French War. China loses and is forced to cede Korea to Japan and Taiwan to France. French Indochina is established.
1885- The Empire of Mexico collapses, and Maximilian I is executed. Porfirio Díaz is elected President of the new Republic of Mexico. Alfonso XII of Spain dies. He is succeeded by Alfonso XIII.
1886-1895-The dominant Republican Party in the U.S. is split-resulting in Progressive Republicans (more liberal) and Traditionalist Republicans (more conservative). The idea of state’s rights leads to more regionalized parties in the C.S. Texas and the other western Confederate states are now slowly starting to become more irritated with the government’s continual focus on the Eastern states.
1888- Thailand is split between British Burma and French Indochina, rather than remaining an independent buffer state.
1890- Portugal ends the Anglo-Portuguese alliance with the Treaty of Windsor and refuses to leave its Pink Map. The Pink Map Standoff begins. Alexander II of Russia dies and is succeeded by Alexander III.
1893-The Japanese defeat the Spanish in the Hispano-Japanese War and gain the Philippines.
1894-Alexander III of Russia dies. He is succeeded by Nicholas II. Nicholas’s reign continues his grandfather’s legacy of a constitutional monarchy. This is reinforced after a visit to the House of Commons in Britain.
1896-The War of the Five Powers occurs, Prussia and Italy vs. France/Russia/Austria. France, Austria-Hungary and Russia win. France, in exchange for some land in northeastern Italy (Piedmont), does agree to leave Rome, resulting in near-complete Italian Unification. Russia and Austria take large portions of territory from Prussia. Prussia then forms the North German Confederation (including Liechtenstein). France and Russia form a loose alliance. The Trans-Siberian Railroad is completed.
1896-1906-This marks the beginning of the Confederate attempts to control the Caribbean to counter American influence on the continent. Most notably are the filibustering efforts in the Republic of Yucatan, Panama, Raizal, and the Greater Republic of Central America. The Greater Republic of Central America was invaded this year, and put under Confederate control. Among those killed in the fighting was Tomás Regalado.
1897- The Confederate Intervention in Yucatan also creates the Republic of Yucatan, and the Confederates begin a campaign of genocide against the rebelling Maya.
*Alaska will join the Union as Aleutia
1898-The Treaty of St. Petersburg between Russia and Japan (through France’s help) determined that Sakhalin would be ceded fully to Japan in exchange for complete Russian sovereignty over Manchuria. Japan is not particularly happy about this, but accepts it for the time being.
1899-1908-The Fashoda Incident erupts, in combination with border disputes with the French over Indochina and Burma, subtle indications of attempting to make Tibet and Xinjiang Russian Protectorates, and the Pink Map Standoff with Portugal, due to France supporting Portugal. The result is the Anglo-French War. Like the Napoleonic Wars of a century ago, this war spans multiple continents and has a great effect on the world.
The Anglo-French War was fought between:
France/Orange Free State/Austria-Hungary/Russia/Japan
and Britain/North German Confederation/Italy/China
Russia has a difficult time fighting Prussia, as various secessionist groups began to arise from within the country at the same time. Italy seizes Piedmont from France, resulting in Italian unification. Japan seizes the Jiaozhou Bay colony from the North German confederation and Hong Kong from Great Britain and invades British-held Malaya and Brunei. Russia fully invades Xinjiang and Tibet, but finds that fighting the British and the Chinese was more difficult than expected. Britain finds that fighting the Boers and French in Africa proves to be too much, unable to make any progress. The North German Confederation on the other hand defeats Austria-Hungary swiftly (Hungary, already desiring independence and angered by quick Prussian victories make Austria-Hungary collapse both internally and externally) and captures Alsace-Lorraine from France. Nicholas II dies in 1902 in a train crash; he is succeeded by Mikhail II. In 1904, the U.S., led by President Theodore Roosevelt is about to declare war on Britain over the borders of Alaska. The British quickly head to the bargaining table “to prevent Sam from joining Marianne”. The U.S. is given Western Canada (which eventually becomes the states of Jefferson, Roosevelt, and Yukon). Eventually, the European Powers agree to a Convention. The results are incredibly mixed:
Britain recognizes the Orange Free State as an independent nation and the French claim to Fashoda, as well as Portugal’s Pink Map.
France cedes French Guiana to Britain.
France cedes Alsace-Lorraine to the North German Confederation.
Russia cedes a great deal of Eastern Europe to the Confederation as well.
Austria-Hungary gives up many of its possessions, including Silesia.
France also must cede its Italian gains (Piedmont) from the War of the Five Powers to Italy, resulting in complete Italian Unification.
The North German Confederation cedes Jiaozhou to Japan.
China cedes Xinjiang to Russia.
Russia returns Tibet to China, to allow a line of neutral buffer states to continue between the British and Russians.
Libya is split between France and Great Britain.
Great Britain cedes Brunei to Japan, and Japan returns Malaya and Hong Kong.
The North German Confederation becomes the nation of Germany. Alsace-Lorraine greatly protests its German owner.
On the other hand, the defeat of Austria-Hungary leads to Hungary becoming independent after the war and the end of the union.
Russia also creates various buffer states (most notably Poland-Lithuania) after the war to shield itself from Prussian/German attacks. The reaction from the Russian populace is somewhat mixed, as the new buffer states are contradictory to the pan-Slavic ideals of Russia. This is counterbalanced by Russian prestige gained from taking Xinjiang. However, the nation’s government remains stable. Ultimately, Russia becomes a complete constitutional monarchy after Mikhail II takes the throne.
Another important reaction throughout Europe is a (brief) anti-imperial attitude. France, Britain, and Russia all fought in an incredibly costly war for remote regions. Nationalism, however, remains high-only it now focuses more inward (for a time).
Japan now controls Karafuto, Korea, the Philippines, and the Ryukyu Islands.
Like the Napoleonic Wars a century before them, the map of Europe has been redrawn.
1900-Bai Bureh defeats the African-American government of Farana in the Faranese Uprising and becomes the nation’s new leader.
1905-1907-The Confederate-American War
Obviously, another Confederate-American War was bound to happen. The Confederate control of Panama and therefore the (still incomplete) Panama Canal proved to be the flashpoint. U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt leads the U.S. into a very successful war that succeeds in humiliating the C.S.A. Confederate President Woodrow Wilson resigns from the Presidency after signing the treaty that ends the war. Traditionalist Republican President Roosevelt also passes four amendments: income tax, direct election of senators, limits on child labor, and female suffrage (in order-16th, 17th, 18th, 19th).
The end results:
1. The state of Allegheny will be formed from Western Virginia and ceded to the United States.
2. The state of Sequoyah becomes an independent nation. The increasing amount of white settlers and an uncompromising white-supremacist government anger the Native Americans of the state. Before the war’s end, the state switched sides and aided the U.S. in exchange for independence after the war. The C.S.A. bitterly acknowledges its independence.
3. The Republic of Yucatan is given the option of returning to Mexico or remain independent-the Republic votes to remain independent, while against joining Mexico, the Republic is still fearful of any Confederate/United States influence. Raizal is also given the option, and chooses to return to Columbia.
4. The Greater Republic of Central America was also freed from Confederate control, and renames itself the United States of Central America.
5. Panama becomes an American protectorate.
1905-Texas Oil Boom begins. Separatism in Texas increases. Bai Bureh invades Sierra Leone successfully and Sierra Leone joins the Republic of Farana. The British were too weakened to hold much interest in the area, and the victory of the African nation received little attention.
1906-Manuel Estrada, without the support of the United Fruit Company, is overthrown in Guatemala. The Qing Dynasty in China falls and China becomes a republic.
1907-In order to please the western Confederate states, Texas is broken up into four states-Davis, Rio, Texas, and Alamo. Arizona along with El Norte are broken into two states: Arizona, El Norte, El Sur, and Apache. This was done in order to give the Western States more senators. The Eastern-Western division in the Confederacy becomes more serious. Blacks also begin to protest their status, but are harshly put down. The Rio Grande Incident occurs, Confederate troops seize the other side of the Rio Grande which was already de facto under Confederate control. The state of Belleza is created in the seized territory. Largely considered to “make up” for the Confederate losses of the American-Confederate War, the United States did not respond. Mexico, while outraged, could do nothing but accept the loss of territory.
1908-Guatemala joins the United States of Central America. Bai Bureh dies in the Republic of Farana.
1910-Costa Rica joins the United States of Central America. Yuan Shikai proclaims the Qing Dynasty restored with himself as Emperor in China.
1911- France and Britain, in order to prevent further German expansion, sign the Entente Cordiale. This shocks and angers Germany greatly. British-German relations had begun to spiral downward immediately after the Anglo-French War, given their newfound dominance of the continent. The state of Jefferson gains admission into the Union. Yuan Shikai is overthrown in China and the Warlord Era begins.
1912-Cuba successfully gains independence from Spain. Italy successfully invades and annexes Albania from the Ottoman Empire, starting a string of local rebellions in the Balkans.
1913-The state of New Mexico gains admission into the Union. In the C.S.A., D.C. Stephenson founds the New Phoenix Party in Louisiana.
1913-25-D.C. Stephenson’s xenophobic and evermore fanatical New Phoenix Party gains a substantial following within the C.S.A. Stephenson becomes Governor of Louisiana in 1924, and essentially controls the states of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. During the Prohibition Era, he took advantage of both the angry populace and the newly formed criminal organizations to increase his power.
1914-With Finland’s relation souring with Russia, Mikhail allows the nation to become independent. (The increased democracy in Russia prevented Russia from becoming as authoritarian, which allowed the nation to form. Even though Russia was more democratic, attempts to Russify Finland as well as Russian losses in the Anglo-French War alienated its populace enough to call for independence. International pressure also added to the situation.)
1915-The Balkan War takes place, with Greece, Bulgaria, and Serbia earning their independence from the Ottoman Empire.
1916-1932 The Golden Twenties in America. Essentially unchallenged, the United States experienced a massive boom in contrast to (and in part because of) the C.S.A. Economic growth and industrialization skyrocketed with the stock market, and a thriving bootlegging industry devoid of organized crime created a massive and very successful industry that the C.S.A. could not regulate. However, without the growth of organized crime, the F.B.I. does not form.
1916-1935-The C.S.A. begins the Prohibition Period. All alcohol, whether sold, transported, or manufactured is banned within the nation. Ultimately, this “Moral Triump” causes great destruction to the nation, which Stephenson takes advantage of. The United States booms during this time, mainly from bootlegging into the C.S.A. Organized crime forms throughout the nation, often on racial lines, encouraging additional xenophobia within the C.S.A. Hatred of the “morally-bankrupt” U.S. reaches a fever pitch.
1917-The Panama Canal is completed. The C.S.A. invades Cuba after a naval incident. The Cuban-Confederate War is very short and Cuba becomes a Confederate protectorate. The Republic of Farana successfully “liberates” and annexes Liberia.
1918-The Åland Islands peacefully become an independent nation from Finland, mainly due to Finland itself becoming bloodlessly independent four years earlier. Portugal also becomes a republic, after various political maneuverings and lack of popular support forced Carlos I to step down.
1919-The Republic of Yucatan joins the United States of Central America. The Republic of Farana invades Portuguese Guinea and successfully annexes it into the country. The Portuguese were distracted with other uprisings across its Pink Map along with the political upheaval back in Portugal, and thus Portuguese Guinea had few soldiers and was unable to hold off the attack.
1920-Wang Jingwei and the GMD take control over China. The Second Republic of China is declared. Mikhail II of Russia dies and is succeeded by Cyril I. The C.S.A. forms the National Security and Intelligence Agency, an equivalent of OTL F.B.I.
1921-A military coup overthrows the monarchy in Spain. Alfonso XIII is executed. Spain becomes a military dictatorship. Cuba becomes a Confederate State.