16th May 1940 (part 3)
Sedan
The French 3rd DCR had been intended to attack the German infantry and break through to Sedan, but the Germans also had plans to attack, in their case to force the French back and out of artillery range. Both sides had received infantry reinforcements to help alleviate their losses during yesterdays fierce fighting, and these would again be locked in a bitter battle for possession of the area. The French also had two light cavalry divisions, which while not heavily equipped were rather more mobile that most of the infantry.
The main German attack would be made by the 10th Panzer Division, once the infantry had tied down the French defence and given it an opportunity to break through. After the recent success of 1st and 2nd Panzer in breaking through French infantry formations, it was expected that yet again a breakthrough by the panzers would result in a French collapse
While it had been in operation for days, and had sustained losses, both to enemy action and mechanical failures, 10th Panzer still had the best part of 200 tanks. It was down to only 30 Pz III and 20 Pz IV available for operations, but still had over a hundred Pz I and II. What the Germans didn't realise that the French 3DCR had been organising itself for its own breakthrough. Its preparation has taken longer than originally expected due to having to do most of the work under the cover of darkness, but on the morning of the 16th May it was ready, and did not intend to stop short of Sedan. While half of the division was equipped with the Hotchkiss H39 tank, the other half had 100 of the heavy Char B, a tank specifically designed to break through enemy lines.
The action started soon after dawn, with the German infantry trying to infiltrate into the French defence before they became aware of what was going on. This failed because the French were just about to start their own attack, and both sides became involved in a series of isolated and rather confused actions. The Germans were first to get themselves organised, and started to push forward against a most determined French defence, but even as this started to make progress it was stopped by French artillery fire. The French, while intending to use their artillery to destroy the Sedan crossing, were determined to hold on to the territory they had fought so hard over. Initially the artillery duel was fairly even; the French had more and heavier guns, but while the Luftwaffe attacks were not as destructive as on earlier days, they did disrupt some of the artillery. The problem for the Germans was their lack of shells. Much of the supply was held up in the traffic jams clogging the roads through the Ardennes, and while they had obtained some resupply, after yesterday's action they had to be careful with how profligate they were. The French commander Flavigny had decided there was little point in hoarding his shells, as if the Germans broke through here they would have decisively broken his lines. In view of this, he had ordered the available shell reserves to be sent up to the batteries. He realised that Luftwaffe attacks might affect this, but right now the important thing was speed. So the French artillery started to slowly grind down the German guns with heavy counter-battery fire.
Seeing this, the advance of 10th Panzer was pushed forward. If their own guns couldn't silence the French artillery, then the panzers would do their job for them and roll over it. Unfortunately for 10th Panzer, this meant them advancing into the tanks of 3DCR, who were just about to start their own advance. The combat against the Char B was a terrible shock for the panzer crews. While the H-39 was not really up to handling the Pz III and IV, it was perfectly capable of putting up a good fight against the Pz II. The French tanks had better armour and a more powerful gun, but the Panzers were better handled. This had given them victory in the past, but in this battle there were limited chances to outflank and get behind the French tanks. While the lighter panzers did succeed in discommoding and forcing back the French light armour, at considerable cost to the French, after an hour they had lost 30 Pz II for the destruction of 42 H-39's (although most of the knocked-out tanks on both sides were immobile rather that completely destroyed). Part of the problem for the Panzers was that the nature of the battle limited their options. The French armour just had to drive forward to do its job, clever manoeuvre warfare was of limited use.
The situation between the heavier panzers and the Char B's went far worse for 10th Panzer. While as usual they used their superior mobility and tactics, the near-invulnerability of the massive Char B's meant that most of their shots just bounced off, while the Char B could do serious damage with its 47mm gun, let alone the 75mm howitzer mounted in the hull. For each Char B taken in the rear, or losing its suspension, two panzers fell to the French tanks guns. In that same first hour, while 2DCR had been badly hurt, 10th Panzer was no longer an effective fighting force. The ample and well-used German radios in their tanks did give them a tactical advantage, but the plan 3DCR was working to was simple, and easy to stick to even when radio communication broke down.
By mid-afternoon the German defence was in a bad way. 10th Panzer was falling back, unable to cope with the heavily-armoured Char B's, and as a result so were the infantry. While 3DCR had lost more tanks, partly to the use of 88mm and 105mm guns, as well as to a considerable number of breakdowns, the remainder pressed on, their 75mm howitzers and the ample French artillery reducing each anti-tank trap as it was encountered.
The decisive factor was proving to be the French artillery. While the German guns had only lost lightly to counter-battery fire, they were nearly out of ammunition. The reduction of fire allowed the French to repurpose the guns they'd been using to attempt to suppress their own artillery, started to range on the bridge crossings. As yet they were firing my map, the artillery observers still making their way forward, but this would soon change and the fire would become far more accurate.
It was now obvious to the German commanders that this was a battle lost. With their backs to the Meuse, and the likelihood that French artillery would soon make the crossings unusable, at least for vehicles, there was little chance the resupply they needs to carry on fighting would arrive. The logistics men were doing their best, but the needed supplies wouldn't arrive today. The only sensible decision was to withdraw across the river before their men were trapped and forced to surrender. With expert professionalism, the retreat moved back as slowly as possible, allowing many of the men and vehicles to slip across the river. There were still losses, but in the end most of three infantry divisions and the remaining working tanks of 10th Panzer were withdrawn. None too soon, as even before the advancing 3DCR reached the river, the 155mm guns of the French artillery park had shattered the bridges the Germans had just retreated over. By nightfall the west back was in the hands of the French Army again.
However the victory caused considerable losses to the French. The infantry divisions were exhausted after the days of fighting, and 3DCR had lost a considerable number of tanks. At the moment it could only muster 35 Char B and some 40 H-39's, although there were some disabled tanks that could be repaired. More would have to be sent back to be fixed, so 3DCR was now barely at half strength. The worry now was how long before new German forces attempted the river crossing. The force on the east bank seemed to be mainly infantry formations, but the biggest worry was 1st and 2nd Panzer, which had broken through a few days ago and headed west. It was uncertain if they could hold against two full panzer divisions, so the main effort would be to dig in the troops and guns, and hurry along reinforcements as fast as possible. Despite their tiredness, the morale of the French troops here was high;they had beaten back the Germans, and one of their panzer divisions, and pushed them out of Sedan, a place of historic importance to them.