Action of 28 December 1916/ Battle of Flamborough Head





On 5 November 1916, the Germans sent out a division of Konig-class dreadnoughts (including Grosser Kurfurst and Kronprinz) and Moltke to salvage the U-boats U-30 and U-20. In otl, the sortie was cancelled after the Germans had Grosser Kurfurst and Kronprinz torpedoed and damaged. Even if the sortie were successful and salvaged both U-boats with the dreadnoughts' and Moltke's assistance, the mere presence and knowledge of the salvaged or the to-be-salvaged U-boats (not to mention other U-boats' presence) and the torpedo threat posed by them, plus the possibility of the British knowing that the salvaged U-boats were submarines and British submarines instead of British surface ships could be used to defeat or force cancellation of the sortie, sink or damage any U-boats (including both U-boats to be salvaged) in the sortie or sink or damage any German surface ships in the sortie would result in the sortie being unengaged by British surface ships.

However, the possibility that the sortie could be cancelled and replaced by a fleet battle and sortie including the German dreadnoughts but without having to salvage the U-30 and U-20 (both U-boats sharing the same fate as their otl counterparts). The rationale would be that the Germans, by sortieing their dreadnought fleet to destroy British battleships and battlecruisers (preferably in isolated squadrons from the remaining dreadnought battleship squadrons), could gain a victory, prestige and success that could deter neutral countries from joining the Entente and Entente countries from being angered or militarily and diplomatically more aggressive with their offensives and actions with neutral countries respectively because the loss of U-20 off Denmark would leak out U-20's and its commander's responsibility in sinking the Lusitania to the extent of the aforementioned fears the Germans could face from neutral and Entente countries. This would be the pod and the pod would be on 4 November 1916 for this timeline.

After the decision was made to cancel the sortie to salvage both U-boats, the Germans decided to prepare the fleet for battle. All German capital ships damaged at Jutland or at the action of 19 August 1916 were already repaired by 4 November 1916 and the Derfflinger could be called back to battle service with faster training. Otherwise, the fleet battle and sortie could be delayed until December 1916 so that Derfflinger could participate and so that the Grosser Kurfurst and Markgraf could return to the High Seas Fleet's III Battle Squadron instead of the High Seas Fleet's Battlecruiser Squadron. Also, the loss of Lutzow at Jutland (a few months before the pod) and its inability to participate in the December 1916 sortie unlike the other German battlecruisers involved at Jutland were taken into account so that the decision was made to complete SMS Hindenburg with all possible German dock yard workers and focusing on the parts needed to get the ship moving. Even then, the loss of Lutzow at Jutland would cause SMS Bayern and SMS Baden to be included in the Battlecruiser Force and the SMS Hindenburg to be completed early.

On 28 December 1916, the naval action of that day would be started. It was the day after both dreadnought fleets set sail. More realistically, the British would have stayed at port after their 19 August 1916 experience and nothing significant should and would have happened. But the action that day would begin when HMS E23 sent a report of a German battle fleet heading northwards to bombard the British coast. The German battle fleet heading northwards will head to meet the British and vice versa to meet in a naval gun battle. By 3:30 p.m., the stage was set to see a dreadnought and battlecruiser battle involving the dreadnoughts and battlecruisers exchanging fire with their enemy counterparts since Jutland when Admiral Beatty's ships met Admiral Hipper's ships and started firing gunshots at the enemy.

At approximately 4:00 p.m., a shell from Seydlitz detonated on HMS Lion's Y Turret. In the scenario, the fire caused by the shell left everybody dead or crippled, Francis Harvey being no more. With nobody willing to assist the wounded men after an explosion and fire following, the fires spread and by 4:25 P.M., the Lion had detonated with the loss of Admiral William C. Pakenham and virtually every crew member on board, with some 15 barely escaping to become prisoners of the Germans. Seydlitz was able to do (in this scenario) what its admiral's now sunken flagship (Lutzow) could not do to Lion, but Beatty was safe commanding the Grand Fleet.

After the lost of HMS Lion due to magazine explosions, command of the squadron was hampered by the loss of Admiral Pakenham and his staff. Command of Pakenham's fleet passed temporarily to Hugh Evan Thomas in HMS Barham. As to make matters worse, HMS Princess Royal and HMAS Australia had also blown up with magazine detonations minutes earlier due to shell hits from Derfflinger and Von Der Tann respectively, with the HMS Tiger, HMS Renown, HMS Repulse, HMS Courageous, HMS Glorious and HMS New Zealand fleeing northwards.

The next catastrophe was to occur soon. At 17:30, HMS Malaya was hit on the starboard 6 inch guns by Bayern. Other ships detected the raging fires but the ship blew up in a few minutes, leaving about 20 survivors. The blow up came as a shock to the other battle cruisers, shocked by how one of the most modern and well armed battleships afloat in the Royal Navy could be destroyed in quick succession to the 3 battle cruisers. Crewmen suspected that an explosion of the 6 inch magazines or guns or penetrations through the weakly armoured deck was responsible. [Close call at otl Jutland, extra and heavier shells make the hit on 6 inch guns fatal in this scenario.] [Posted earlier.]

On HMS Barham, a heavy shell wrecked the auxiliary wireless office and wounded medical and wireless personnel. Another struck the 6 inch gun casement and caused a fire that wounded 2 people. A shell hit the top of the deck. Altogether, the Barham was hit by 6 15 inch shells from the Bayern and 2 of them were able to pierce the 6 inch magazine itself, blowing up the ship half an hour before Malaya and the 5th Battle Squadron would shift command to the HMS Queen Elizabeth. The chief surgeon on Warspite ordered picric acid to be applied on burns and injuries, which only exacerbated the wounds that the bandages applied had to be discarded. The scene in a boiler room was found with real casualties of a devastating war and shattered body parts with lots of bleeding could be found, much to the disgust of the surgeon. As the German battlecruiser squadron sailed north, it sailed without the Hindenburg as the Hindenburg suffered engine failure. It would be detached together with Baden and Bayern and both Hindenburg and Baden were found and sunk by HMS Warspite and HMS Valiant in exchange for Warspite and Valiant sinking.

The next tragedy to befall the battle cruisers would occur, with shells from Seydlitz landing on HMS Inflexible and HMS Indomitable sinking the battlecruisers with all hands by 18:40 and 19:00 respectively, just as the Hindenburg was sinking from battle damage (Seydlitz would be finished off by shells from HMS Orion in a death ride). In addition, Von Der Tann and Derfflinger would be damaged by shells from the death ride, causing the losses of Von Der Tann, Derfflinger and Revenge. Von Der Tann, Derfflinger, Seydlitz and Moltke, before sinking, would spend their final shells blowing up the Tiger, Repulse, Glorious and New Zealand. Also, a torpedo salvo from German destroyers would sink Marlborough and damage Emperor of India, which would be finished off by U-66's torpedoes the next morning, while a torpedo salvo from British destroyer Onslaught would sink the Moltke.

In addition, 2 armoured cruisers (Duke of Edinburgh and Shannon) were sunk with the loss of all hands, while the disabled Minotaur would sink the next day. HMS Queen Elizabeth was shelled by German battleships and was wrecked. Due to further damage to the rudders, the ship was unable to move and after made combat incapable, was scuttled the next day. SMS Konig sustained 8 13.5 inch shell hits on the hull and 1 15 inch shells as well and it was sunk the next day. The battle would result in unrestricted submarine warfare and complete Germany's WW1 defeat by 11 November 1918.
 
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Capital ship damage record for action before sinking (excluding magazine explosions)
See also for sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damage_to_major_ships_at_the_Battle_of_Jutland

NavWeaps Forums-Details of hits on British and German battlecruisers WW1

I picked up a book on British and German battlecruisers in a second hand bookshop and the information on the damage caused is quite interesting, if th
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Seydlitz: 2 hits from HMS Lion, 4 hits from Barham, Queen Elizabeth or Valiant, 8 hits from HMS Inflexible, 4 hits from HMS Indomitable, 1 hit from Monarch or Orion and 7 hits from HMS Tiger. Scuttled the next morning by torpedoes from German destroyers slightly north of Horns Reef (similar damage to Lutzow after Jutland and longer distance plus faster speed from battle site to home being fatal).

Derfflinger: 4 hits from Princess Royal, 7 hits from Barham, Queen Elizabeth or Valiant, 2 hits each from HMS St. Vincent and HMS Hercules each and 7 hits from New Zealand. Scuttled on 20 August 1916 by German destroyers (similar damage to Seydlitz after Jutland and longer distance plus faster speed from battle site to home being fatal).

Moltke: 1 hit from HMS Barham, 5 hits from HMS Colossus, 1 hit from HMS Collingwood, 3 hits from HMS Royal Oak, 3 hits from HMS Bellerophon and 7 hits from HMS Glorious. Later torpedoed by HMS Onslaught and sank on 20 August 1916.

Von Der Tann: 5 hits from Barham, Queen Elizabeth or Valiant, 12 hits from HMS Revenge, 7 hits from HMS Repulse and a few more from other battleships. Scuttled on 29 December 1916 by own crew due to uncontrollable flooding and inexperienced crew.

Hindenburg: 1 torpedo hit from destroyers, 4 13.5 inch shells and multiple 15 inch shells from Warspite or Valiant. Scuttled on 28 December 1916 by own crew due to uncontrollable flooding, engine failure and inexperienced crew.

Baden: Left in progressive flooding and sank on 28 December 1916 with inexperienced crew and 15 15 inch shells from Warspite or Valiant.

Konig: 1 hit from Barham, Queen Elizabeth or Valiant, 7 hits from Iron Duke and 1 13.5 inch hit from unknown source. Scuttled on 29 December 1916 by own crew due to uncontrollable flooding.

Revenge: 20 hits from Von Der Tann and left in a sinking condition.

Queen Elizabeth: 13 hits from various German battleships. Warspite and Valiant would also sink due to progressive flooding.

Marlborough and Emperor of India: Torpedoed as mentioned above.


What had been known as the Battle of Flamborough Head caused the loss of 8 British battleships, every battle cruiser involved but 2 battlecruisers saved, 3 armoured cruisers, 2 light cruisers (both torpedoed) and 10 destroyers. In exchange, the Germans lost 2 battleships, 5 battle cruisers, 4 light cruisers and 5 torpedo boats. This is to be added to the Jutland and action of 19 August 1916 losses a few months ago. The Bayern had to replace Konig in Konig's division of dreadnoughts.

The sortie could also be held in December 1916 or January 1917 (with a pod in December 1916 to allow enough time for the sortie to take place or to be known with adequate time before it could be delaying or butterflying the decision to do unrestricted submarine warfare to allow for sortie results) to preempt the German decision to do unrestricted submarine warfare. In this case, the effects would be the same as mentioned above, but with a slightly different date in December 1916 or January 1917 than the 28 December 1916 mentioned above. Maybe the later pod and lack of time to get Hindenburg ready should result in Bayern being damaged by shells and torpedoes otherwise hitting the Hindenburg and Bayern and Baden instead of Hindenburg and Baden mutually destroying themselves with the Queen Elizabeth class battleships as mentioned above. Likely, Kronprinz could be repaired and trained in time to take part in the sortie with the December 1916 pod or the sortie could be delayed to allow Kronprinz to participate, but Grosser Kurfurst's damage could not be repaired in time and Markgraf would take its and Grosser Kurfurst's worth of damage at Jutland and sink for this alternate sortie.

Finally, the sortie could be held to take advantage of unrestricted submarine warfare or even to preempt it. In this case, it would take place in February 1917 with all the consequences described above to allow for repairs and training to be completed for Grosser Kurfurst and Hindenburg's completion. In the case of the sortie being done to prevent unrestricted submarine warfare, the sortie would likely backfire with unrestricted submarine warfare, except with the decision to go for unrestricted submarine warfare would be made in February 1917, the unrestricted submarine warfare starting from 1 April 1917, the Zimmermann Telegram being sent on 19 March 1917, US entry into WW1 being delayed to 6 June 1917 and WW1 ending on 11 January 1919 after an extension of 2 months with subsequent peace treaties such as Versailles delayed by another 2 months in signature and enforcement.
 
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